Abstracts
p. 117-118
Texte intégral
Maritime and coastal interfaces : the evolution of research. Gérard Le Bouëdec
1This article aims to outline a wide overview of the recent French research in maritime and littoral history, which explains its length and its numerous bibliographical references. Its structure includes three parts : firstly, I will examine the uses and appropriations of littoral environments ; secondly, I will try to estimate the impact of maritimisation on the ocean, the shores and the hinterlands ; thirdly, I will focus on the history of risks and extreme maritime phenomenons.
Seawalls, bots and chaussées : defence dikes against the sea in low coastal areas, north-western Europe, 11th-16th centuries. Jean-Luc Sarrazin
2Adapting to the sea is, in a manner, guarding against its inundations and storm surges. During the Middle Ages, all kinds of dams are built in coastal low-lying wetlands. Mental representations reflect through the terms for these banks (“dyk”, “bot”, “chaussée”). Two ideas are predominant : a dike withdraws the land from the sea, it separates a threatening world. Many sea-defences are quite low embankments. They are built using locally available materials, earth, timber, stone (rarely). Reclaimed marshes are commonly subdivided by old dams or counter-walls, which help to restrict the extent of any flood damage.
The building and repair of sea-defences provide an interesting insight into coastal societies. They involve complex power relations between inhabitants of villages, landowners, the water board (watering), the seigneury or the manor, possibly the State. Their gradual change fits into the intersection of environmental risk, economic-demographic situation and social dynamics at work in the agricultural production systems. In the Flemish coastal plain, the new agriculture of large leasehold farms induces, following the crisis of the fourteenth century, the relocation of dikes inland. On the shores of the Bay, regular maintenance of “chaussées” reflects converging interests of stakeholders in salt production.
History, storms and coastal forecasting in front of climatic changes. Thierry Sauzeau
3Nowadays, the climatic changes increase the risks on coastal zone of the Biscaye gulf. In such a context, atlantic storms since 1999 and their consequences – wind storm, submersion, erosion – take a special place in our analysis. Those storms have always been understood as separate events, but they can also be compared in their effects. The long-term trends now indicate that erosion is the main threat for future. Responding to these developments, coastal territories should examine their history, in order to seek answers that ancient societies opposed to the changes they lived.
4Our contemporary societies have very powerful ways but they face to changes that are not less. Modern societies had to face to slow changes and they did with the only soft power they had. Through the history they seem to give us the cape to follow.
Relationship between playersand the strategies of an estuarine and industrial development : the case of oil sector along the Seine sides (XIXth and XXIth centuries). Morgan Le Dez
5The industrial development along the coast creates some conflicts which are not only territorial or ecologic. The case of the oil sector shows us the economical aims and the disputes which may occur between local or distant decision makers. The choice of the Seine estuary shows us a general view of oil strategies over more than 150 years.
Are beaches part of nature ? An analysis of the California beaches associations’discourse (1930s-1960s). Elsa Devienne
6In the 1930s, several associations for the protection of the coastline were founded in California. According to the members of these associations, the beaches were threatened by erosion, pollution and private encroachment. Beach protection was an emergency. This article analyzes the discourse of these associations from the 1930s up until the 1960s. It analyzes in particular the ways in which their discourse was affected by the specific conception of nature in the US, which was inherited from the 19th century.
Le texte seul est utilisable sous licence Licence OpenEdition Books. Les autres éléments (illustrations, fichiers annexes importés) sont « Tous droits réservés », sauf mention contraire.
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