Compertrix “Saint-Pierre”: An Example of the Evolution of Funerary Status Markers during Roman Antiquity—abridged version
p. 31-42
Résumés
At the end of the 1st century BC, a stone funerary monument was raised at the side of a Roman road on the outskirts of an ancient settlement, now the city of Châlons-en-Champagne (Marne). Although it may have been a cenotaph, no new grave was added and it was submerged under more than a meter of carbonated colluvium, deposited shortly after its construction. In the late 2nd century and/or early 3rd century, the stones visible above the colluvium were removed. At the end of the 3rd century and/or beginning of the 4th, although the monument was in ruins, six young children were buried above or next to it, and it was used as a receptacle for the remains of an adult’s funeral pyre. The Compertrix site thus raises questions about the longevity of a funerary space and the changes in its status. It allows us to reflect on the use as well as the evolution of funerary markers and their meanings during Antiquity.
À la fin du ier siècle av. J.-C., un monument funéraire en pierre est édifié le long de la voie de l’Océan en périphérie de l’agglomération antique de Châlons-en-Champagne (France, Marne). Dans un premier temps, aucune nouvelle sépulture n’est rattachée à ce possible cénotaphe progressivement ennoyé sous plus d’un mètre de colluvions carbonatées déposées peu après son édification. Au cours du iie siècle et/ou début du iiie siècle, les pierres des parties émergentes des colluvions sont récupérées. À la fin du siècle et au début du ive siècle, malgré la ruine du monument, viennent s’agréger six sépultures de jeunes enfants, sur ou à proximité de l’édifice ainsi qu’un dépôt de restes de bûcher d’adulte, déversés à l’intérieur.
Le site de Compertrix interroge la pérennité d’un espace funéraire, les variations de son statut et permet de réflechir à l'usage comme à l’évolution des marqueurs funéraires et de leurs significations durant l’Antiquité.
Entrées d’index
Mots-clés : Antiquité, Gaule, Rèmes, espace funéraire, organisation sociale, édifice funéraire, sépulture d'enfant
Keywords : Antiquity, Gaul, Remi, funerary space, social organization, funerary monument, child burial
Note de l’éditeur
This article is not a translation but an abridged version of the French article “Compertrix « Saint-Pierre » : un exemple d’évolution des marqueurs statutaires funéraires durant l’Antiquité”. Translated and edited by Cadenza Academic Translations.
Texte intégral
1Excavated during a preventive archaeology project in 2012 in the municipality of Compertrix, Marne (Achard-Corompt et al. 2019), the finds enable speculation about the durability, social status, and evolution of a funerary site between the end of the 1st century BCE and the beginning of the 4th century CE. In particular, they raise questions about the adoption of new status markers in the funerary sphere.
2The funerary space, established at the end of the 1st century BCE at the side of a road on the outskirts of the ancient settlement of Durocatalaunum, consisted of a stone monument, possibly a cenotaph, surrounded by a quadrangular wall. Its ostentatious architecture, uncommon among the Remi, as well as its location and isolation, are indications that the deceased and his family were Romanized and wanted to display their social status.
3Following significant colluviation, the area was submerged under more than a metre of sediment. The funerary space was abandoned, and the monument was demolished over the course of the second century and/or at the very beginning of the 3rd century CE.
4After the colluvial deposits stopped at the end of the 3rd century and beginning of the 4th century CE, six children were buried in the vicinity, next to and on top of what remained of the monument. The ruins of the monument also served as a receptacle for the remains of an adult’s funeral pyre. One of the children’s tombs contained particularly rich, even exceptional, grave goods, but they would not have been visible to people outside the group that performed the inhumation.
5The small number of burials, the way they are clustered around this specific site, and the similarities of layout, deposit organization, and offerings all also suggest a family link between the deceased.
6Thus, from the public expression of status to the expression of a family bond, this funerary site reveals how funerary practices changed depending on the period and the age of the deceased. It also illustrates the longevity of indications that the site was used by an elite sector of the population. Although it is impossible to confirm that the Compertrix funerary site still belonged to the family who built the original monument in the late 3rd and early 4th century CE, it is tempting to suggest a family link between the deceased. That being the case, the public and monumental discourse of the Augustan period would have evolved into a private discourse where markers of status expressed affection and were reserved for the family of the deceased.
Bibliographie
Achard-Corompt et al 2019 Achard-Corompt N., Brunet-Gaston V., Ahü-Delor A., Le Goff I., Compertrix: des chasseurs-cueilleurs du Mésolithique aux bâtisseurs romains, Reims, 154 p. (Bulletin de la Société Archéologique Champenoise, 112, no. 4).
Auteurs
Inrap, St-Martin-sur-le-Pré, France
ArScAn, UMR 7041, Nanterre, France
Inrap, Passy, France
ARTEHIS, UMR 6298, Dijon, France
Inrap, Glisy, France
Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, EA, UMR 7206, Paris, France
Le texte seul est utilisable sous licence Licence OpenEdition Books. Les autres éléments (illustrations, fichiers annexes importés) sont « Tous droits réservés », sauf mention contraire.
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