Recreating the Past

Ilaria Caloi

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Recreating the Past

Using Tholos Tombs in Protopalatial Mesara*

Ilaria Caloi

p. 255-266

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New results from the investigations I carried out during the last few years on ceramic material coming from one of the most important tholos tombs built in Protopalatial times (MM IB–MM IIB), namely the main tomb of Kamilari cemetery, have been crucial in understanding the chronology and function of those Mesara tholos tombs, which have yielded MM I–II ceramic. Despite the fact that it is widely agreed that the phenomenon of the Mesara tholos tombs continued from Prepalatial through Protopalatial times, several significant questions have so far remained unanswered: Which tombs were built in the Protopalatial period? Were these tombs used or re-used in the Protopalatial period for burials or for non-funerary rituals, which were mainly connected to ancestor worship? This paper aims at addressing these questions, focusing on ritual aspects of Protopalatial tholos tombs.

1It is generally assumed that in the Protopalatial period many tholos tombs of the Mesara plain (South-Central C

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1 See Hamilakis 1998, 115–32.

2 Caloi 2009a; see also Caloi 2011a. My work on the use of the funerary complex in the Protopalatial period is part of a major programme of revision of Levi’s excavation at Kamilari, which aims at a complete edition on the cemetery. The successive period of use of the cemetery, that is from the MM III phase to the Mycenaean period, is the topic of L. Girella, while other scholars are involved in the study of the skeletal material (S. Triantaphyllou), of the chemical and petrographic analysis of the pottery (P. Day), as well as of specific finds, such as miniature models (D. Novaro), stone vessels (O. Palio), and seals (M. Anastasiadou).

3 Levi 1962, 7–148; Levi 1976, 703–41.

4 For the re-use of the Kamilari cemetery in the Geometric period, see Novaro 2004, 181–97.

5 On the topic, see Branigan 1970, 11–5.

6 Caloi 2011a, 99, fig. 1.

7 Caloi 2009a.

8 Caloi 2011a, pls. XXXIIIa–b.

9 Levi 1962, 80–2.

10 Caloi 2009a.

11 For Koumasa and Platanos, see Xanthoudides 1924, 7, 92. In particular, in tholos tomb E the skeletal material was retrieved from the western sector of the funerary room, covered with earth.

12 Marinatos 1931, 146. At Vorou A many skulls were found heaped in the western part of the funerary room.

13 Caloi 2009a; on the typical two-stage process, see Branigan 1993, 57–67.

14 Davis 2008, 47.

15 Cultraro 2003, 323; see also Carinci 2004, 33–4.

16 On the tholos A of Hagia Triada, see Banti 1931, Cultraro 2003 and Carinci 2004; on the South Camerette, see Cultraro 2000.

17 Cultraro 2000, 314–15; see also Carinci 2004, 33–5.

18 Carinci 2003, 109–13; Carinci 2004, 29–30; La Rosa 2001, pl. LXXIIIb–d.

19 As pointed out by Carinci (2004, 33) the drinking set attested in MM IA at the cemetery of Hagia Triada is similar to that found at Hagia Kyriaki, consisting of one jug and three conical cups (Branigan 1993, 78).

20 Cultraro 2000.

21 Carinci 2004, 33–4.

22 Cultraro 2000, 325, pl. 2a.

23 Cultraro 2000, 325, pl. 2b.

24 Xanthoudides 1924, pl. V.

25 Xanthoudides 1924, 41–3; see also Soles 1992.

26 Van de Moortel 2006, 82–3.

27 Van de Moortel 2006, 82–3; see also Cultraro 2000, 325–26.

28 Caloi (forthcoming a,b).

29 Carinci and La Rosa 2007.

30 Caloi 2013, 271. On the relationship between Phaistos and the funerary landscape of the Mesara plain in the Protopalatial period, see Caloi (forthcoming b).

31 The study of the Apesokari cemetery is an ongoing one by G. Flouda and G. Vavouranakis.

32 For the cemetery of Portì, see Xanthoudides 1924; for that of Vorou, see Marinatos 1931.

33 For a detailed overview of the changes from MM IB to MM IIA in the Kamilari cemetery, see Caloi 2011a.

34 On the spread of the spouted jar in MM IB, see Caloi 2007, 127–29.

35 On the use of the containers for secondary depositions, see Soles 1992. On the cemetery of Archanes, see Maggidis 1994, while on that of Sissi-Bouffo, see Crevecoeur and Schmitt 2009 and Schoep 2009.

36 Levi 1962, 107–10.

37 Caloi 2009a, 2011a.

38 Public dining or feasting may be inferred by the presence of assemblages found both in the South-quarter of the palace (Rooms IL, XXVII–XXVIII, LIII–LV) and in the external courts, even if in different quantities and revealing different kinds of feastings, see Militello 2012, 261–63; Carinci 2011; Caloi 2013.

39 Caloi 2011a, pl. XXXIVa.

40 Branigan 1998b, 25.

41 Maggidis 1994; Soles 1992, 2001.

42 Soles 2001, 229–30.

43 On the funerary complex of Lebena, see Alexiou and Warren 2004.

44 Alexiou and Warren 2004, fig. 5A.

45 Alexiou and Warren 2004, fig. 9, nn. 119–27.

46 Alexiou and Warren 2004, nn. 1–4, 7, 11 fig. 42, pl. 140D.

47 Caloi 2009b, 411, fig. 13 r, t, x (Phaistian phase B).

48 Maggidis 1994, 73.

49 Soles 2010, 355. See also Soles 1992, 245–49 with bibliography.

50 Sakellarakis 1997, 208, 255.

51 Papadatos 2005, 60.

52 Maggidis 1994, 94–5.

53 Maggidis 1994, 70–1, 143, table K.

54 See the previous note.

55 Levi 1962, 80, fig. 105.

56 Caloi 2009b, 208, 249–50.

57 Hamilakis 1998, 122.

58 On the use and meaning of stone vessels, see Palio 2004, 18–20; see also Maggidis 1994, 70–2, and Murphy 1998, 37–8.

59 Knappett 2012.

60 Åström 1987, 13–4.

61 See also Soles 2010, 336.

62 Schörgendorfer 1951, 13,18–9.

63 Flouda 2011.

64 Maggidis 1995.

65 Maggidis 1995, 570, fig. 6, pl. VII.

66 Maggidis 1995; Soles 2001.

67 Caloi 2011b.

68 On the topic, see the recent paper by Driessen (2010, 113–15).

69 Caloi (forthcoming a).

* I would like to thank Filippo Carinci and Vincenzo La Rosa † for the opportunity they gave me to study the Protopalatial phases of the Kamilari cemetery, and in particular Filippo Carinci for having discussed many aspects of this paper with me. A special thanks to the organizers of the conference at Heidelberg, and especially to Diamantis Panagiotopoulos. I am also grateful to the audience and especially to Jan Driessen, Yannis Hamilakis, Eleni Hatzaki, Aleydis Van de Moortel and Peter Warren.

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Référence numérique du chapitre

Caloi, I. (2015). Recreating the Past. In S. Cappel, U. Günkel-Maschek, & D. Panagiotopoulos (éds.), Minoan Archaeology (1‑). Presses universitaires de Louvain. https://0-books-openedition-org.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/pucl/3057

Caloi, Ilaria. « Recreating the Past ». In Minoan Archaeology, édité par Sarah Cappel, Ute Günkel-Maschek, et Diamantis Panagiotopoulos. Louvain-la-Neuve: Presses universitaires de Louvain, 2015. https://0-books-openedition-org.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/pucl/3057.

Caloi, Ilaria. « Recreating the Past ». Minoan Archaeology, édité par Sarah Cappel et al., Presses universitaires de Louvain, 2015, https://0-books-openedition-org.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/pucl/3057.

Référence numérique du livre

Cappel, S., Günkel-Maschek, U., & Panagiotopoulos, D. (éds.). (2015). Minoan Archaeology (1‑). Presses universitaires de Louvain. https://0-books-openedition-org.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/pucl/2999

Cappel, Sarah, Ute Günkel-Maschek, et Diamantis Panagiotopoulos, éd. Minoan Archaeology. Louvain-la-Neuve: Presses universitaires de Louvain, 2015. https://0-books-openedition-org.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/pucl/2999.

Cappel, Sarah, et al., éditeurs. Minoan Archaeology. Presses universitaires de Louvain, 2015, https://0-books-openedition-org.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/pucl/2999.

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