1 [Elizabeth I, see Volume 2, Lesson 3, note 104.]

2 [Henry II, see Volume 2, Lesson 2, note 52.]

3 [On the contrary, the Royal Observatory at Greenwich was commissioned by King Charles II (see Volume 2, Lesson 8, note 96) in 1675, with the foundation stone being laid on 10 August. The site was chosen by Sir Christopher Wren (1632‑1723). At that time the king also created the position of Astronomer Royal, to serve as the director of the observatory, and appointed John Flamsteed (1646‑1719) to that post. The building was completed in the summer of 1676. The scientific work of the observatory was relocated elsewhere in stages in the first half of the twentieth century, and the Greenwich site is now maintained almost exclusively as a museum.]

4 [Leonard Plukenet (born 4 January 1642, Westminster, London; died 6 July 1706, Westminster), an English physician and botanist, Royal Professor of Botany, who had an affluent medical practice that supported his family of seven children and his plant collecting habit as well. In 1690, he was made supervisor of the king’s gardens at Hampton Court Palace. His long series of volumes forms a continuous description of plants of all parts of the world. They contain 2,740 figures with descriptive letterpress. Though chiefly devoted to exotics, several British plants were first figured in his plates.]

5 [Phytographia, sive Stirpium illustriorum & minus cognitarum icones tabulis aeneis, summa diligentia elaboratae, quarum unaguaeque titulis descriptoriis ex notis suis propriis, & characteristicis desumptis, insignita, ab aliis ejusdem sortis facile discriminatur. London: Sumptibus Autoris, 1691‑1696, 4 vols: vol. 1, Meminisse juvabit, 1691, [10] p., pls 1‑328; vol. 2, Onomositcon methodo synthetica digestum, 1691, [4] p., pls 60‑120; vol. 3, Mantissa, 1692, [4] p. + pls 329‑350; vol. 4, Amaltheum botanicum, 1696, [4] p., pls. 351‑454.]

6 [Almagestum botanicum, sive Phytographiae Plukenetianae onomasticon methodo synthetica digestum, exhibens stirpium exoticarum, rariorum, novarumque nomina, quae descriptionis locum supplere possunt. London: Sumptibus Autoris, 1696, [4] + 402 + [2] p.]

7 [Almagesti botanici mantissa, plantarum novissime detectarum ultra millenarium numerum complectens, cui, tanquam pedi jam stantis columnae, plus ultra inscribere fas est, cum indice otius operis ad calcem adjecto. London: Sumptibus Autoris, 1700, [4] + 191 + [28] p., pls 251‑350.]

8 [Amaltheum botanicum, stirpium indicarum alterum copiae cornu millenas ad minimum & bis centum diversas species novas & indictas nominatim comprehendens. London: Sumptibus Autoris, 1705, [4] + 214 + [15] p., pls. 351‑454.]

9 [Almagestum botanicum, sive Phytographiae plukenetianae onomasticon methodo syntheticâ digestum, Exhibens Stirpium exoticarum, rariorum, novarumque nomina, quae descriptionis locum supplere possunt. cui (ad ampliandum regnum vegetabilium) accessêre plantae circitèr quingentae, suis nominibus similitèr insignitae; quae nullibi nisi in hoc opere (sex ferè plantarum chiliadas complectente) memorantur, adjiciuntur & aliquot novarum plantarum icones, in gratiam phylophytosophorum in lucem nùnc editae, trabit sua quemquè voluptas. London: Sumptibus Autoris, 1769, [6] + 402 + [2] p.]

10 [Hans Sloane, see Volume 2, Lesson 6, note 68.]

11 [George III, George William Frederick, see Volume 3, Lesson 1, note 42.]

12 [James Petiver, see Volume 2, Lesson 17, note 22.]

13 [Jacobi Petiveri opera, Historiam naturalem spectantia, or Gazophylacium, see Volume 2, Lesson 17, note 23.]

14 [Eltham Palace and Gardens, in Eltham, now a district of southeast London, was an important royal estate from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century, where monarchs often stayed and hunted in the surrounding parks. The gardens provided the source for Hortus Elthamensis (see Chapter 5, note 28). After centuries of neglect, Eltham was completely renovated in the 1930s and it is now an important tourist destination.]

15 [Johann Jacob Dillenius, see Chapter 5, note 27.]

16 [William Sherard, see Volume 3, Lesson 18, note 14.]

17 [Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, see Volume 2, Lesson 13, note 31.]

18 [Schola botanica, sive catalogus plantarum quas abaliquot annis in horto regio Parisiensi studiosis indigitavit. Amsterdam: Henricum Wetstenium, 1689, [viii] + 386 + [26] p.]

19 [Paradisus batavus, although edited by William Sherard, it was actually written by Paul Hermann; see Volume 2, Lesson 18, notes 82 and 83.]

20 [Herman Boerhaave, see Volume 2, Lesson 1, note 78.]

21 [Botanicon parisiense by Sébastien Vaillant; see Volume 2, Lesson 18, note 31.]

22 [“An account of a new island raised near Sant-Erini in the Archipelago; being part of a letter to Mr. James Petiver, F. R. S. from Dr. W. Sherard, Consul at Smirna, &c. [dated Smirna, July 24, 1707]”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 31 December 1708, vol. 26, issue 314, part 5, p. 67.]

23 [James Sherard, see Chapter 5, note 28.]

24 [Mark Catesby, see Volume 3, Lesson 18, note 5.]

25 [John Martyn or Joannes Martyn (born 12 September 1699, London; died 29 January 1768, Chelsea), an English botanist, the son of a merchant, he attended a school in the vicinity of his home, and when he turned 16, worked for his father, intending to follow a business career. He abandoned this idea in favor of medical and botanical studies. Following a series of botanical lectures in London in 1721 and 1726, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1727. In 1732 he was appointed Professor of Botany at Cambridge University, but, finding little encouragement and hampered by a lack of equipment, he soon ceased lecturing but retained his professorship until his death in 1768.]

26 [Historiae plantarum rariorum centuriae primae decas prima [–quinta]. London: Richardi Reily, printed in 5 pts between 1728 and 1732, iv + 52 p., 50 unnumbered pls.]

27 [Virgil, Publius Vergilius Maro, see Volume 1, Lesson 12, note 18.]

28 [Bucolicorum Eclogae Decem [=The Bucolicks; with an English Translation and Notes]. London: Richardi Reily, 1749, lxv + 280 + 6 + [8] p.; the Eclogues, also called the Bucolics, is the first of the three major works by the Latin poet Virgil, first made public in approximately 39 B.C., considered by most to be allegories that deal with contemporary events.]

29 [Georgicorum Libri Quatuor [=The Georgics; with an English Translation and Notes]. London: Richardi Reily, 1741, xxii + 403 + [1] + 3 + [11] p., 13 pls; the Georgics, a poem by the Latin poet Virgil, composed between 37 and 29 B.C., is a plea for the restoration of the traditional agricultural life of Italy.]

30 [Philip Miller (born 1691, London; died 18 December 1771, London), an English botanist of Scottish descent, chief gardener at the Chelsea Physic Garden from 1722 until he was pressured to retire shortly before his death. Under his direction the reputation of the Chelsea Garden was elevated to the extent that it exceeded all the gardens of Europe for its amazing variety of plants. In addition to The Gardener’s and Florists Dictionary (see note 31, below), Miller wrote The Gardener’s Dictionary, containing the Methods of Cultivating and Improving the Kitchen, Fruit and Flower Garden, As Also the Physick Garden, Wilderness, Conservatory, and Vineyard (London: printed for the Author, 1731, [2] + xvi + [4] + [860] p.), which first appeared in 1731 in an impressive folio that passed through eight expanding editions even in his own lifetime.]

31 [The Gardeners and Florists Dictionary, Or a Complete System of Horticulture. London: Charles Rivington, 1724, [501] p.; Philip Miller’s expertise was made widely available in his renowned Dictionary, which not only covered methods of cultivation, but provided a systematic botanical compendium of all wild-growing and cultivated plants in Britain then known. This latter aspect makes the Volume valuable even to botanists today.]