Table des matières
Patrice Cohen et S. Janakarajan
AcknowledgementsPart I. History and traditional irrigation
Palaniappan Komathinayagam
1. Socio-Economic and Technological History of Irrigation in Tamil NaduK.D.N. Weerasinghe et C.M.K. Navarathne
2. History of Hydraulic Civilization and Irrigation Systems Development in Sri LankaPart II. Different issues of irrigation and social water management
S. Janakarajan
3. Degraded Ground Water Regimes and Feckless Governance in South India: an Example of Competition, Conflicts and Crisis**- The groundwater situation in South India
- Conflict in the use of groundwater rural areas
- Conflicts arising out of joint well ownership or well fragmentation
- Conflicts between well owners
- The use of water-extracting mechanisms in the Noyyal river basin
- Implications of competitive deepening
- Rural water markets: conflicts and contradictions
- Conflicst in the use of surface and groundwater
- Conflicts arising out of industrial and urban water needs
- Conflicts due to increasing urban water needs
- Conflicts arising due to environmental damages
- Bhavani river basin
- Kalingarayan Canal
- The Noyyal river basin
- Amaravathi river basin
- The Palar river basin
- Responses of the civil society
- Summary and policy suggestions
- Where do we go from here?
Nicolas Druesne
5. Water and Food Security: Related Issues- Introduction
- Federalism issue in food availability crisis related to Water crisis for agriculture (lack of irrigation, crops destroyed by flood)
- Federalism and decentralization in the sustainability of irrigation water for food security
- Participation, citizenship and democracy issues for water and food security
- The panchayat institution
- Citizen’s movements, NGOs and traditional institutions
- A tank rehabilitation project seen from the point of view of farmers
- Farmers’ participation
- Farmers’ contribution
- Water and food security: the Cauvery water dispute
- The Cauvery and food security in Tamil Nadu
- The hydraulic aspect
- Importance of the last crisis: Loss of money in irrigated area and in production according to Tamil Nadu government
- Federalism and the Cauvery
- Nature of conflict-management institutions
- Different actors positions concerning the federalism issue
- Position of different states
- The opponents of further centralization
- The fanners’ community of Tamil Nadu
- Conclusion
Paul Appasamy
6. Urban Water Supply and Urban EnvironmentJoël Ruet et Marie-Hélène Zerah
7. Providing Water Supply and Sanitation in Chennai: Some Recent Institutional Developments- The physical and supply situation
- The Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board
- The Water Supply
- Sewerage and drainage
- Water conservation policy
- The financial position, tariffs and cost management
- Financing of the CMWSSB
- Commercial aspects
- Costs
- Tariffs
- The set of institutions: coordination and new arrangements
- The so-called “privatization”
- Institutional share in responsibilities
- New institutional arrangements: ‘privatization’, or outsourcing of operation
- Delegation of powers and internal management
- Contracting the water lorries
- The poor: water supply, sanitation and health
- Beyond administration of water: Chennai as an innovative system towards management of water
- The general picture: different kinds of administrations and administrative contexts
- Conclusion
Part III. Legal and ecological settings in water management
A. Rajagopal et S. Janakarajan
8. Politics of Water Rights and Water Resource Management: a Critical Analysis of Water Rights Systems and Legislations in Tamil Nadu- Introduction
- Traditional/customary water rights
- Practice of traditional/customary water rights in India
- Customary water rights in Tamil Nadu
- Decline of kudimaramath and attempts to revive it under British rule
- Appropriation of people’s rights by the government
- Other attempts to introduce irrigation legislation
- Irrigation legislations and changes in water policies after independence
- Irrigation bill of 1947
- Details about provisions of irrigation acts in Tamil Nadu
- Tamil Nadu Irrigation Cess Act 1865 as modified up to 1980.
- Tamil Nadu River Conservancy Act 1884 (as Amended in 1969)
- Periyar Irrigation Tanks Preservation Act 1933
- Tamil Nadu Irrigation Voluntary Cess Act 1942
- Tamil Nadu irrigation works (repairs, improvement and construction) Act 1943
- Tamil Nadu Irrigation Tanks (Improvement) Act 1949
- Tamil Nadu Irrigation Works-Construction of Field Bothies Act 1959
- Tamil Nadu Irrigation Levy Betterment Contribution Act 1955
- Tamil Nadu Pandhayat Act 1958 (as amended 1997)
- Tamil Nadu Additional Assessment and Additional Water Cess Act 1963
- Tamil Nadu Land Improvement Act 1959
- Compendium of Rules and Regulations (1984): Part I Water Regulation and Part II Flood Regulations
- Standing orders of the Board of Revenue
- Attempts to pass a comprehensive irrigation act
- Salient features of the draft Tamil Nadu Water Resources Act, 1989
- Farmers’ Participation Act and turnover of public irrigation systems
- Salient provisions of the Tamil Nadu Farmers’ Management of Irrigation Systems Act, 2000
- Main functions of farmers’ organizations as prescribed by the act
- Sources of funding for WUA
- Government’s control over the WUAs
- Settlement of disputes
- Provisions for offences and penalties and recovery of arrears
- Evaluation of the Farmers Participation Act 2000
- Positive Aspects
- Negative Aspects
- State water policy in the context of water rights
- Analytical summing up
Pierre Curmi
9. Soils and Water: the Small Watersheds Approach- Introduction
- The Small Watersheds Project
- Relationships between soil systems and farming systems with irrigation by rain feeding reservoirs
- How do soil constitution, behaviour and spatial distribution influence the fanning system?
- How do agricultural practices modify present soil functioning and long term evolution?
- Conclusion
Denis Depommier
10. Roles and Management of Trees in Soil and Water Conservation: the Case of Peninsular India from Mountains to Drylands and Coastal Areas- Introduction
- The role of vegetation in soil and water conservation
- Soil erosion, tree effect in soil and water conservation, sustainability
- Intrinsic characteristics of woody perennials
- In water and nutrients cycles
- Physical action of the rooting system
- Symbiotic associations
- Physical action of the canopy
- Agroforestry technologies and tree management practices
- Windbreaks and shelterbelts
- Living fences, hedgerows and trees on erosion control structures
- Agroforestry parklands and other tree-based systems
- Conclusion